You probably know that miles driven for business purposes can be deductible. But did you know that you might also be able to deduct miles driven for other purposes? The rates vary depending on the purpose and the year:

Business: 56 cents (2014), 57.5 cents (2015)

Medical: 23.5 cents (2014), 23 cents (2015)

Moving: 23.5 cents (2014), 23 cents (2015)

Charitable: 14 cents (2014 and 2015)

The rules surrounding the various mileage deductions are complex, however. Some are subject to floors and some require you to meet specific tests in order to qualify. There are also substantiation requirements, which include tracking miles driven. And, in some cases, you might be better off deducting actual expenses rather than using the mileage rates.

So contact us to help ensure you deduct all the mileage you’re entitled to on your 2014 tax return — but not more. (You don’t want to risk back taxes and penalties later.) And if you drove potentially eligible miles in 2014 but can’t deduct them because you didn’t track them, then start tracking your miles now so you can potentially take advantage of the deduction when you file your 2015 return next year.

If you’re like many Americans, you may not start thinking about filing your tax return until the April 15 deadline is just a few weeks — or perhaps even just a few days — away. But there’s another date you should keep in mind: Jan. 20. That’s the date the IRS began accepting 2014 returns, and filing as close to that date as possible could protect you from tax return fraud.

In this increasingly common scam, thieves use victims’ personal information to file fraudulent tax returns electronically and claim bogus refunds. When the real taxpayers file, they’re notified that they’re attempting to file duplicate returns.
Tax return fraud can cause major headaches to straighten out and significantly delay legitimate refunds. But if you file first, it will be the thief who’s filing the duplicate return, not you.

Of course you need to have your W-2s and 1099s to file. So another key date to be aware of is Feb. 2 — the deadline for employers to issue 2014 W-2s to employees and, generally, for businesses to issue 1099s to recipients of any 2014 interest, dividend or reportable miscellaneous income payments.

Let us know if you have questions about tax return fraud or would like help filing your 2014 return early.

On Dec. 19, the president signed into law the Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (TIPA), which extended through Dec. 31, 2014, many valuable tax breaks that had expired at the end of 2013. Here are three that individuals may be able to take advantage of when filing their 2014 returns:

1. State and local sales tax deduction. Individuals can take an itemized deduction for state and local sales taxes instead of for state and local incometaxes. This option can be valuable for taxpayers who live in states with no or low income tax rates or purchase major items, such as a car or boat.

2. Tuition and related expenses deduction. This above-the-line deduction for qualified higher education expenses may be beneficial to taxpayers who’re ineligible for education-related tax credits, though income-based limits also apply to the deduction.

3. Home mortgage debt forgiveness exclusion. Discharge of indebtedness income from qualified principal residence debt, up to a $2 million limit ($1 million for married taxpayers filing separately), may be excluded from gross income.

To learn whether you qualify for these — or other breaks extended by TIPA — please contact us.

Many retirement plan contribution limits increase slightly in 2015; thus, you may have opportunities to increase your retirement savings:

Other factors may affect how much you can contribute (or how much your employer can contribute on your behalf). For example, income-based limits may reduce or even eliminate your ability to take advantage of IRAs. For more information on how to make the most of your tax-advantaged retirement-saving opportunities in 2015, please contact us.

On Dec. 16, the Senate passed the Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (TIPA), which the House had passed on Dec. 3. TIPA extended many valuable tax breaks that expired at the end of 2013 — but only through Dec. 31, 2014.

Here are three types of extended tax breaks that you may want to take action on before year end:

1. Small business stock gains exclusion. Gains realized on the sale or exchange of qualified small business (QSB) stock acquired in 2014 will be eligible for an exclusion of 100% if the stock has been held for at least five years. So you may want to consider purchasing QSB stock by Dec. 31.

2. Tax-free IRA distributions to charities. Taxpayers age 70½ or older can make direct contributions from their IRA to qualified charitable organizations without incurring any income tax on the distribution, up to $100,000 for the 2014 tax year. You can even use the distribution to satisfy a required minimum distribution. But the distribution must be made by Dec. 31.

3. Depreciation-related breaks. Businesses can enjoy larger 2014 deductions if they invest in property that qualifies for enhanced Section 179 expensing, 50% bonus depreciation, and/or accelerated depreciation for qualified leasehold-improvement, restaurant and retail-improvement property. But the property must be placed in service by Dec. 31.

Additional rules and limits apply to these breaks, so please contact us to find out which ones you can benefit from.

The 2014 gift tax annual exclusion allows you to give up to $14,000 per recipient tax-free without using up any of your lifetime gift tax exemption. If you and your spouse “split” the gift, you can give $28,000 per recipient.

The gifted assets are removed from your taxable estate, which can be especially advantageous if you expect them to appreciate. That’s because the future appreciation can avoid gift and estate taxes.

The exclusion is scheduled to remain at $14,000 ($28,000 for split gifts) in 2015. But that’s not a reason to skip making annual exclusion gifts this year. You need to use your 2014 exclusion by Dec. 31 or you’ll lose it.

The exclusion doesn’t carry from one year to the next. For example, if you don’t make an annual exclusion gift to your daughter this year, you can’t add $14,000 to your 2015 exclusion to make a $28,000 tax-free gift to her next year.

We can help you determine how to make the most of your 2014 gift tax annual exclusion.

To take a 2014 charitable donation deduction, the gift must be made by Dec. 31, 2014. According to the IRS, a donation generally is “made” at the time of its “unconditional delivery.” But what does this mean? Is it the date you, for example, write a check or make an online gift via your credit card? Or is it the date the charity actually receives the funds — or perhaps the date of the charity’s acknowledgment of your gift?

The delivery date depends in part on what you donate and how you donate it. Here are a few examples for common donations:

Check. The date you mail it.

Credit card. The date you make the charge.

Pay-by-phone account. The date the financial institution pays the amount.

Stock certificate. The date you mail the properly endorsed stock certificate to the charity.

Many additional rules apply to the charitable donation deduction, so please contact us if you have questions about the deductibility of a gift you’ve made or are considering making. But act soon — you don’t have much time left to make donations that will reduce your 2014 tax bill.

Appreciating investments that don’t generate current income aren’t taxed until sold, deferring tax and perhaps allowing you to time the sale to your tax advantage. Review your year-to-date gains and losses now to see if selling any additional investments by Dec. 31 can reduce your 2014 tax liability.

For example, if you’ve cashed in some big gains during the year, look for unrealized losses in your portfolio and consider selling them to offset your gains. Or if you have net losses, consider selling some appreciated investments, because the losses can absorb the gain. If net losses exceed net gains, you can deduct only $3,000 ($1,500 for married filing separately) of the net losses against ordinary income, though you can carry forward excess losses indefinitely.

If you bought the same investment at different times and prices and want to sell high-tax-basis shares to reduce gain or increase a loss to offset other gains, be sure to specifically identify which block of shares is being sold.

For more ideas on how to reduce taxes on your investments, contact us. We can provide strategies that are right for your situation. But don’t wait — most strategies must be implemented by Dec. 31 to reduce your 2014 tax liability.

If you’re looking to reduce your 2014 tax bill, you may want to consider purchasing a business vehicle before year end. Business-related purchases of new or used vehicles may be eligible for Section 179 expensing, which allows you to expense, rather than depreciate over a period of years, some or all of the vehicle’s cost.

The normal Sec. 179 expensing limit generally applies to vehicles weighing more than 14,000 pounds. The limit for 2014 is $25,000, and the break begins to phase out dollar-for-dollar when total asset acquisitions for the tax year exceed $200,000. These amounts have dropped significantly from their 2013 levels. But Congress may still revive higher Sec. 179 amounts for 2014.

Even when the normal Sec. 179 expensing limit is higher, a $25,000 limit applies to SUVs weighing more than 6,000 pounds but no more than 14,000 pounds. Vehicles weighing 6,000 pounds or less are subject to the passenger automobile limits. For 2014, the depreciation limit is $3,160.

Many additional rules and limits apply to these breaks. So if you’re considering a business vehicle purchase, contact us to learn what tax benefits you might enjoy if you make the purchase by Dec. 31.

Smart timing of deductible expenses can reduce your tax liability, and poor timing can unnecessarily increase it. When you don’t expect to be subject to the alternative minimum tax (AMT) in the current year, accelerating deductible expenses into the current year typically is a good idea. Why? Because it will defer tax, which usually is beneficial.

One deductible expense you may be able to control is your property tax payment. You can prepay (by Dec. 31) property taxes that relate to this year but that are due next year, and deduct the payment on your return for this year. But you generally can’t prepay property taxes that relate to next year and deduct the payment on this year’s return.

Don’t forget that the income-based itemized deduction reduction returned last year. Its impact should be taken into account when considering timing strategies.

Not sure whether you should prepay your property tax bill or what other deductions you might be able to accelerate into 2014? Contact us. We can help you determine what steps to take before year end to reduce your 2014 tax bill.