A fundamental tax planning strategy is to accelerate deductible expenses into the current year. This typically will defer — and in some cases permanently reduce — your taxes. But there are exceptions. One is if the additional deductions this year trigger the alternative minimum tax (AMT). This is a separate tax system that limits some deductions and doesn’t permit others. Here are some deductions that can be AMT triggers:

• State and local income tax deductions,
• Property tax deductions, and
• Miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to the 2% of adjusted gross income floor, such as investment expenses and unreimbursed employee business expenses.

But deductions aren’t the only things that can trigger the AMT. So can certain income-related items, such as:

• Incentive stock option exercises,
• Tax-exempt interest on certain private activity bonds, and
• Accelerated depreciation adjustments and related gain or loss differences when assets are sold.

Fortunately, with proper planning, you may be able to avoid the AMT, reduce its impact or even take advantage of its lower maxi­mum rate. If you’re concerned about any of these triggers or would like to know what else might trigger the AMT, please contact us. We can help you determine the best strategies for your situation.

If you’re self-employed, you may be able to set up a retirement plan that allows you to make much larger contributions than you could make as an employee. For example, the maximum 2014 employee contribution to a 401(k) plan is $17,500 — $23,000 if you’re age 50 or older. Look at how the limits for these two options available to the self-employed compare:

1. Profit-sharing plan. The 2014 contribution limit is $52,000 — $57,500 if you’re age 50 or older and the plan includes a 401(k) arrangement.

2. Defined benefit plan. This plan sets a future pension benefit and then actuarially calculates the contributions needed to attain that benefit. The maximum future annual benefit toward which 2014 contributions can be made is generally $210,000. Depending on your age, you may be able to contribute more than you could to a profit-sharing plan.

You don’t even have to make your 2014 contributions this year. As long as you set up one of these plans by Dec. 31, 2014, you can make deductible 2014 contributions to it until the 2015 due date of your 2014 tax return. Additional rules and limits apply, so contact us to learn which plan would work better for you.

Are you planning to make charitable donations before year end? Do you own appreciated stock that you’d like to sell, but you’re concerned about the taxhit? Then consider donating it to charity rather than making a cash gift.

Appreciated publicly traded stock you’ve held more than one year is long-term capital gains property. If you donate it, you can both avoid the capital gains taxyou’d pay if you sold the property and deduct its current fair market value.

Let’s say you donate $10,000 of stock that you paid $4,000 for, your ordinary-income tax rate is 33% and your long-term capital gains rate is 15%. If you sold the stock, you’d pay $900 in tax on the $6,000 gain. If you were also subject to the 3.8% net investment income tax (NIIT), you’d pay another $228 in NIIT. By instead donating the stock to charity, you save $4,428 in federal tax($1,128 in capital gains tax and NIIT plus $3,300 from the $10,000 income taxdeduction). If you donated $10,000 in cash, your federal tax savings would be only $3,300.

If you are charitably inclined or would like to minimize taxes related to your investment portfolio, we can help find the strategies that will best achieve your goals.

For assets with a useful life of more than one year, businesses generally must depreciate the cost over a period of years. Special breaks are available in some circumstances, but uncertainty currently surrounds them:

Section 179 expensing. This allows you to deduct, rather than depreciate, the cost of purchasing eligible assets. Currently the expensing limit for 2014 is $25,000, and the break begins to phase out when total asset acquisitions for the year exceed $200,000. These amounts have dropped significantly from their 2013 levels. And the break allowing up to $250,000 of Sec. 179 expensing for qualified leasehold-improvement, restaurant and retail-improvement property expired Dec. 31, 2013.

50% bonus depreciation. This additional first-year depreciation allowance expired Dec. 31, 2013, with a few exceptions.

Accelerated depreciation. This break allowing a shortened recovery period of 15 — rather than 39 — years for qualified leasehold-improvement, restaurant and retail-improvement property expired Dec. 31, 2013.

Many expect Congress to revive some, if not all, of the expired enhancements and breaks after the midterm election in November. So keep an eye on the news. In the meantime, contact us for ideas on how you can maximize your 2014 depreciation deductions.

If you’ve cashed in some big gains this year, consider looking for unrealized losses in your portfolio and selling those investments before year end to offset your gains. This can reduce your 2014 tax liability.

But if you want to minimize the impact on your asset allocation, keep in mind the wash sale rule. It prevents you from taking a loss on a security if you buy a substantially identical security (or an option to buy such a security) within 30 days before or after you sell the security that created the loss. You can recognize the loss only when you sell the replacement security.

Fortunately, there are ways to avoid the wash sale rule and still achieve your goals:

• Immediately buy securities of a different company in the same industry or shares in a mutual fund that holds securities much like the ones you sold.
• Wait 31 days to repurchase the same security.
• Before selling the security, purchase additional shares of that security equal to the number you want to sell at a loss; then wait 31 days to sell the original portion.

For more ideas on saving taxes on your investments, please contact us.

If you’re an executive or other key employee, you might be compensated with more than just salary, fringe benefits and bonuses: You might also be awarded stock-based compensation, such as restricted stock or stock options. Another form that’s becoming more common is restricted stock units (RSUs).

RSUs are contractual rights to receive stock (or its cash value) after the award has vested. Unlike restricted stock, RSUs aren’t eligible for the Section 83(b) election that can allow ordinary income to be converted into capital gains.

But RSUs do offer a limited ability to defer income taxes: Unlike restricted stock, which becomes taxable immediately upon vesting, RSUs aren’t taxable until the employee actually receives the stock.

So rather than having the stock delivered immediately upon vesting, you may be able to arrange with your employer to delay delivery. This will defer income tax and may allow you to reduce or avoid exposure to the additional 0.9% Medicare tax (because the RSUs are treated as FICA income). However, any income deferral must satisfy the strict requirements of Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 409A.

If RSUs — or other types of stock-based awards — are part of your compensation package, please contact us. Careful tax planning is critical.

You can be subject to penalties if you don’t pay enough tax during the year through estimated tax payments and withholding. Here are some strategies to protect yourself:

Know the minimum payment rules. Your estimated payments and withholding must equal at least 90% of your tax liability for 2014 or 100% of your 2013 tax (110% if your 2013 adjusted gross income was over $150,000 or, if married filing separately, over $75,000).

Use the annualized income installment method. This may be beneficial if you have large variability in monthly income due to bonuses, investment gains and losses, or seasonal income (especially if it’s skewed toward the end of the year). Annualizing computes the tax due based on income, gains, losses and deductions through each estimated tax period.

Estimate your tax liability and increase withholding. If you’ve underpaid, have the tax shortfall withheld from your salary or year end bonus by Dec. 31. Withholding is considered to have been paid ratably throughout the year, whereas an increased quarterly tax payment may still leave you exposed to penalties for earlier quarters.

Let us know if you have questions about underpayment penalties and how to avoid them.

If you’re a “large” employer, time is running out to prepare for the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA’s) shared responsibility provision, commonly referred to as “play-or-pay.” It’s scheduled to go into effect in 2015.

Under transitional relief the IRS issued earlier this year, for 2015, large employers generally include those with at least 100 full-time employees or the equivalent, as defined by the ACA. However, the threshold is scheduled to drop to 50 beginning in 2016, and that threshold will apply beginning in 2015 for the ACA’s information-reporting provision.

The play-or-pay provision imposes a penalty on large employers if just one full-time employee receives a premium tax credit. The credit is available to employees who enroll in a qualified health plan through a government-run Health Insurance Marketplace and meet certain income requirements — but only if:

• They don’t have access to “minimum essential coverage” from their employer, or
• The employer coverage offered is “unaffordable” or doesn’t provide “minimum value.”

The IRS has issued detailed guidance on what these terms mean and how employers can determine whether they’re a large employer and, if so, whether they’re offering sufficient coverage to avoid the risk of penalties.

If your business could be subject to the play-or-pay provision and you haven’t yet started preparing, do so now. For more information on play-or-pay — or on the information reporting requirements — please contact us.

With summer drawing to a close, if you own a vacation home that you both rent out and use personally, it’s a good time to review the potential tax consequences:

• If you rent it out for less than 15 days, you don’t have to report the income. But expenses associated with the rental won’t be deductible.

• If you rent it out for 15 days or more, you must report the income. But what expenses you can deduct depends on how the home is classified for tax purposes, based on the amount of personal vs. rental use:

Rental property. You can deduct rental expenses, including losses, subject to the real estate activity rules. You can’t deduct any interest that’s attributable to your personal use of the home, but you can take the personal portion of property tax as an itemized deduction.

Nonrental property. You can deduct rental expenses only to the extent of your rental income. Any excess can be carried forward to offset rental income in future years. You also can take an itemized deduction for the personal portion of both mortgage interest and property taxes.

Look at the use of the home year-to-date to project how it will be classified for tax purposes. Adjusting either the number of days you rent it out or your personal use between now and year end might allow the home to be classified in a more beneficial way.

For assistance, please contact us. We’d be pleased to help.

Now’s the time of year when many young adults are about to head back to college — or to enter their first year of higher education. If you have a grandchild who’ll be in college this fall and you’re concerned about gift and estate taxes, you may want to consider paying some of his or her tuition.

Cash gifts to an individual generally are subject to gift tax unless you apply your $14,000 per beneficiary annual exclusion or use part of your $5.34 million lifetime gift tax exemption (which will reduce the estate tax exemption available at your death dollar-for-dollar). Gifts to grandchildren are generally also subject to the generation-skipping transfer (GST) tax unless, again, you apply your $14,000 annual exclusion or use part of your $5.34 million GST tax exemption.

But tuition payments you make directly to the educational institution are tax-free without using any of your exclusions or exemptions, preserving them for other asset transfers.

This is only one of many strategies for funding college costs while saving gift and estate taxes. Please contact us for more ideas.